There were about one and a quarter million American servicemen stationed throughout the West Country divided into divisions and it was part of the 29th Division that was stationed in Ivybridge, with a further gas or fuel supply depot at Wrangaton.
AMERICAN TROOPS IN IVYBRIDGE
In May, 1943, the GIs of the 116th Infantry Regiment came to Ivybridge as part of Operation Bolero, a long-range plan for transferring and then accommodating almost 2 million American servicemen in Britain in the run-up to an invasion of Europe, which commanders had now set for the summer of 1944.
The 116th was made up of men from many places in the US but each Company still retained a significant number of soldiers from the National Guard unit in Virginia. The four companies of the 29th Division of the 1st Battalion were originally from: Co A – Bedford (the Bedford Boys), Co B – Lynchburg, Co C – Harrisonburg and Co D – Roanoke.
The 29th Division was ordered to vacate Tidworth in Wiltshire and move to a new barracks in Ivybridge. The 29th Division, the second US Division to arrive in England, marched from Tidworth to Devon and Cornwall as part of Exercise Hanover.
The 1st Battalion of the 116th Regiment was the only infantry unit stationed at Ivybridge, under the command of Regiment Commander Colonel Charles Draper Canham. The 1st Battalion remained in Ivybridge for approximately a year while it trained and prepared for the assault on Hitler’s Fortress Europe.
The troops were soon marching across the moors and camping out in the most deplorable weather. “From day one with the 116th in Ivybridge training on the moors it would consume every waking hour from 5am to 5pm, except on Sundays. Every third day we would dig in, set up camp and bed down on this inhospitable swampy moor, anticipating live artillery and mortar fire.”
BLUES AND GRAYS
The 29th Infantry Division (29th I.D.), also known as the “Blue and Gray”, is an infantry division of the United States Army. The 29th Division has existed continuously since 1917 as a part of the National Guard.
As the division was composed of men from states that had units that fought for both the North and South during the Civil War, it was nicknamed the “Blue and Gray” division, after the blue uniforms of the Union and the grey uniforms of the Confederate armies during the American Civil War.
UPHILL CAMP - IVYBRIDGE
The American camp in Ivybridge was located at Uphill on Exeter Road.
The first Nissen huts at Uphill Camp were only a few yards off the road behind the wire perimeter fence. Each hut was capable of housing twenty-four men. There were twelve (double) bunks, six down each side.
The whole camp was of the same construction: sleeping huts, the cinema, canteen, workshops and the jail. B and C Companies were in the first field (MacAndrews Field) beside the road then further up the slope, beyond the hawthorn hedge were A and D Companies: each company eventually consisted of some 200 men.
These corrugated tin hut barracks were noisy and, with the heavy south-west rain hammering down on the corrugated metal roofs, many of the men couldn’t stand the racket!
Nissen & Romney Huts
In April 1916 Major Peter Nissen, of the 29th Co Royal Engineers, began thinking about how to make a standardised building that could be erected quickly in different conditions, and used for a wide range of (initially military) purposes. In August 1916 Nissen huts went into production and some 100,000 were manufactured during the First World War. Even larger numbers were produced in the Second World War. These prefabricated buildings, made from curved iron sheets, were put to many uses around the world; many still exist
At the outbreak of World War II, the British military developed a further series of prefabricated huts to supplement the World-War-1-era Nissen hut. The original design was called the Iris hut but this design tended to collapse if there was any weight of snow on the roof so it was superseded by the Romney hut in 1941. There are two Romney huts still in use at Wrangaton
EXERCISE TIGER
In 1943, around 3,000 people in the South Hams villages of Slapton, Torcross, Blackawton and East Allington were instructed to leave their homes with no explanation. By the Spring of the following year tens of thousands of American troops had arrived to carry out military exercises in preparation for D-Day, in an operation code named Exercise Tiger. Slapton Sands provided a similar environment to the beaches of Normandy and was therefore a perfect place to simulate the amphibious assault which was planned for later in the year on a French beach, code named Utah on the Cherbourg peninsula.
Exercise Tiger was designed to be as realistic as possible and from 22 April 1944, landing craft loaded with soldiers, tanks and equipment were deployed along the coast. On the night of 27 April 1944 tragedy was about to unfold. German torpedo boats off the Devon coastline picked up Allied radio communications and spotted several boats and before any warning could be transmitted, torpedoes began to hit the craft with considerable loss of life. Two landing craft carrying US army personnel, trucks and amphibious vehicles were hit and sunk, whilst a third was severely damaged. In all, over 700 American servicemen lost their lives.
For fear that the Germans might uncover the reason for the assembled vessels off Devon and to avoid any negative impact on morale, the tragedy remained classified and was not revealed until long after the war had ended
At Slapton Sands there is a preserved Sherman tank which was recovered from the bay where it sank and stands as a memorial to the young Americans who died in this tragic incident.
On Sunday 4 June 1944, tanks rolled down through Dartmouth and troops converged on the harbour with its landing craft and ships. The following day 485 ships left the harbour and at dawn on the 6 June, the invasion of France began. Thanks to the training at Slapton, fewer soldiers died during the actual landing on Utah Beach than during Exercise Tiger. The mistakes made during these rehearsals resulted in changes to operational orders and allowed D-Day to be the success it was.
Up until May 2020, despite being maritime military graves, the wrecks off the coast were only protected by US law but now the British Government has given the two vessels scheduled status, the same designation given to monuments including Stonehenge.
LIFE IN IVYBRIDGE 1943-1944
The 1st Battalion, together with the other smaller units, almost doubled the population of the town and businesses were booming, not least the pubs. Ivybridge was like an alcoholic oasis with eight pubs.
Vera Luckham was the landlady of the Sportsman’s Inn, the nearest pub to the camp. She encouraged the officers to stop there declaring “the troublesome ones can go elsewhere”. Thus the ranks learned to pass the Sportsman’s and go to the London Hotel or over the river to one of the other hostelries, all of which became very popular with the enlisted men.
With so many choices it was inevitable that few of the troops escaped a visit to the ‘hutch’. The hutch lay opposite the guard room and jail, close to the Camp entrance, tucked away behind the sentry box. This was where the military police kept the drunks they rounded up in town.
The American men were kept very busy, whether training or enjoying their leisure hours. There were sports facilities of all kinds both inside and out to keep them fit. There were at least two gymnasiums with games pitches available outside.
The American’s updated the swimming pool on the River Erme and not only used this for leisure but it was used as part of their training route. After leaving the camp they made their way up into Longtimber Woods and along the river. They then climbed over camouflage netting, descending into the swimming pool. After wading through the water the soaked men then had to tackle the manoeuvres over the moor. Local boys would watch the men training in this area.
The cinema was popular and local children were invited to join the troops, giving everyone a chance to meet one another. During the Christmas period of 1943, they arranged several Christmas parties for the children where sweets and gifts were handed out. Invitations were extended to children from the surrounding areas so no child missed out.
WANT TO KNOW MORE?
The Ivybridge Heritage & Archives Group publication “Ivybridge and the Americans during WW2” is now on sale from the Tourist Information Desk at The Watermark in Ivybridge. Priced at £3.00, this 28 page booklet provides interesting details of the American servicemen billeted in Ivybridge in the build up to D-Day.
WANT TO KNOW MORE?
The Ivybridge Heritage & Archives Group publication “Ivybridge and the Americans during WW2” is now on sale from the Tourist Information Desk at The Watermark in Ivybridge. Priced at £3.00, this 28 page booklet provides interesting details of the American servicemen billeted in Ivybridge in the build up to D-Day.
We are indebted to Noel Blackler for a wealth of information and images regarding Uphill camp and daily life of the American servicemen whilst in Ivybridge. His hand-written ‘Memoirs of an Ivybridge Paper Boy’ were invaluable in presenting this web page.
In 1943, Noel was a nine-year-old boy. His family owned the local newsagents and he and his two brothers, Derek and Colin, delivered newspapers to the American Camp at Uphill twice a day. Noel delivered papers to the camp for two years.
Noel appears in the above photograph. He is the smart young man on the left during Salute the Soldier Week held in Ivybridge during May 1944.
We are indebted to Noel Blackler for a wealth of information and images regarding Uphill camp and daily life of the American servicemen whilst in Ivybridge. His hand-written ‘Memoirs of an Ivybridge Paper Boy’ were invaluable in presenting this web page.
In 1943, Noel was a nine-year-old boy. His family owned the local newsagents and he and his two brothers, Derek and Colin, delivered newspapers to the American Camp at Uphill twice a day. Noel delivered papers to the camp for two years.
Noel appears in the above photograph. He is the smart young man on the left during Salute the Soldier Week held in Ivybridge during May 1944.
The Bedford Boys
Amongst the ranks of American servicemen were the soldiers of Company A, 116th Infantry Regiment of the 29th Infantry Division. These would later come to be known as the Bedford Boys and were stationed in Ivybridge from 29 May 1943.
More than half a century later the little town of Bedford, Virginia, was selected as the site of the National D-Day Memorial in the United States because of what happened to A Company during Operation Overlord. Bedford had suffered the highest per capita loss of any American community on D-Day.
The National D-Day Memorial at Bedford
The National D-Day Memorial website page is https://www.dday.org
In 2004 Ivybridge signed a friendship Treaty with the small town of Bedford, when a group of 50 of its residents visited Ivybridge for the 60th anniversary of the D-Day landings. The formation of the Ivybridge – Bedford Alliance strives to preserve the special relationship between these two towns as well as remembering their historic bonds.
Located in MacAndrews Field, now a recreational area, but at the time part of Uphill Camp, are two handmade chestnut and oak memorial benches in memory of the Bedford Boys. The somewhat unusual design a reflection of what each upright represents. Incised with the name and age of individual servicemen each one is proportional to their age when they died. These memorial benches were organised by the Friends of MacAndrews Field, a community group dedicated to maintaining the site for recreational and environmental purposes.
Ivybridge also has its own war memorial in honour of the American servicemen who were based in the town during the war. This memorial is located at Harford Road car park.
The Inscription on this memorial reads: Dedicated to all the American Servicemen based in Ivybridge 1943-1944 particularly the 1st Battalion 116th Infantry Regiment who made many friends with local residents. Sadly many of these men were to die on, or after, D-Day the 6th June 1944.
AMERICAN TROOPS ARRIVE IN IVYBRIDGE
There were about one and a quarter million American servicemen stationed throughout the West Country divided into divisions and it was part of the 29th Division that was stationed in Ivybridge, with a further gas or fuel supply depot at Wrangaton.
In May, 1943, the GIs of the 116th Infantry Regiment came to Ivybridge as part of Operation Bolero, a long-range plan for transferring and then accommodating almost 2 million American servicemen in Britain in the run-up to an invasion of Europe, which commanders had now set for the summer of 1944.
The 116th was made up of men from many places in the US but each Company still retained a significant number of soldiers from the National Guard unit in Virginia. The four companies of the 29th Division of the 1st Battalion were originally from: Co A – Bedford (the Bedford Boys), Co B – Lynchburg, Co C – Harrisonburg and Co D – Roanoke.
The 29th Division was ordered to vacate Tidworth in Wiltshire and move to a new barracks in Ivybridge. The 29th Division, the second US Division to arrive in England, marched from Tidworth to Devon and Cornwall as part of Exercise Hanover.
The 1st Battalion of the 116th Regiment was the only infantry unit stationed at Ivybridge, under the command of Regiment Commander Colonel Charles Draper Canham. The 1st Battalion remained in Ivybridge for approximately a year while it trained and prepared for the assault on Hitler’s Fortress Europe.
The troops were soon marching across the moors and camping out in the most deplorable weather. “From day one with the 116th in Ivybridge training on the moors it would consume every waking hour from 5am to 5pm, except on Sundays. Every third day we would dig in, set up camp and bed down on this inhospitable swampy moor, anticipating live artillery and mortar fire.”
Exercise Tiger
In 1943, around 3,000 people in the South Hams villages of Slapton, Torcross, Blackawton and East Allington were instructed to leave their homes with no explanation. By the Spring of the following year tens of thousands of American troops had arrived to carry out military exercises in preparation for D-Day, in an operation code named Exercise Tiger. Slapton Sands provided a similar environment to the beaches of Normandy and was therefore a perfect place to simulate the amphibious assault which was planned for later in the year on a French beach, code named Utah on the Cherbourg peninsula.
Exercise Tiger was designed to be as realistic as possible and from 22 April 1944, landing craft loaded with soldiers, tanks and equipment were deployed along the coast. On the night of 27 April 1944 tragedy was about to unfold. German torpedo boats off the Devon coastline picked up Allied radio communications and spotted several boats and before any warning could be transmitted, torpedoes began to hit the craft with considerable loss of life. Two landing craft carrying US army personnel, trucks and amphibious vehicles were hit and sunk, whilst a third was severely damaged. In all, over 700 American servicemen lost their lives.
For fear that the Germans might uncover the reason for the assembled vessels off Devon and to avoid any negative impact on morale, the tragedy remained classified and was not revealed until long after the war had ended
At Slapton Sands there is a preserved Sherman tank which was recovered from the bay where it sank and stands as a memorial to the young Americans who died in this tragic incident.
On Sunday 4 June 1944, tanks rolled down through Dartmouth and troops converged on the harbour with its landing craft and ships. The following day 485 ships left the harbour and at dawn on the 6 June, the invasion of France began.
Thanks to the training at Slapton, fewer soldiers died during the actual landing on Utah Beach than during Exercise Tiger. The mistakes made during these rehearsals resulted in changes to operational orders and allowed D-Day to be the success it was.
Up until May 2020, despite being maritime military graves, the wrecks off the coast were only protected by US law but now the British Government has given the two vessels scheduled status, the same designation given to monuments including Stonehenge.
Uphill Camp
The American camp in Ivybridge was located at Uphill on Exeter Road.
The first Nissen huts at Uphill Camp were only a few yards off the road behind the wire perimeter fence. Each hut was capable of housing twenty-four men. There were twelve (double) bunks, six down each side.
The whole camp was of the same construction: sleeping huts, the cinema, canteen, workshops and the jail. B and C Companies were in the first field (MacAndrews Field) beside the road then further up the slope, beyond the hawthorn hedge were A and D Companies: each company eventually consisted of some 200 men.
These corrugated tin hut barracks were noisy and, with the heavy south-west rain hammering down on the corrugated metal roofs, many of the men couldn’t stand the racket!
Life in Ivybridge 1943 – 1944
The 1st Battalion, together with the other smaller units, almost doubled the population of the town and businesses were booming, not least the pubs. Ivybridge was like an alcoholic oasis with eight pubs.Vera Luckham was the landlady of the Sportsman’s Inn, the nearest pub to the camp. She encouraged the officers to stop there declaring “the troublesome ones can go elsewhere”. Thus the ranks learned to pass the Sportsman’s and go to the London Hotel or over the river to one of the other hostelries, all of which became very popular with the enlisted men.
With so many choices it was inevitable that few of the troops escaped a visit to the ‘hutch’. The hutch lay opposite the guard room and jail, close to the Camp entrance, tucked away behind the sentry box. This was where the military police kept the drunks they rounded up in town.
The American men were kept very busy, whether training or enjoying their leisure hours. There were sports facilities of all kinds both inside and out to keep them fit. There were at least two gymnasiums with games pitches available outside.
The American’s updated the swimming pool on the River Erme and not only used this for leisure but it was used as part of their training route. After leaving the camp they made their way up into Longtimber Woods and along the river. They then climbed over camouflage netting, descending into the swimming pool. After wading through the water the soaked men then had to tackle the manoeuvres over the moor. Local boys would watch the men training in this area.
The cinema was popular and local children were invited to join the troops, giving everyone a chance to meet one another. During the Christmas period of 1943, they arranged several Christmas parties for the children where sweets and gifts were handed out. Invitations were extended to children from the surrounding areas so no child missed out.
We are indebted to Noel Blackler for a wealth of information and images regarding Uphill camp and daily life of the American servicemen whilst in Ivybridge. His hand-written ‘Memoirs of an Ivybridge Paper Boy’ were invaluable in presenting this web page.
In 1943, Noel was a nine-year-old boy. His family owned the local newsagents and he and his two brothers, Derek and Colin, delivered newspapers to the American Camp at Uphill twice a day. Noel delivered papers to the camp for two years.
Noel appears in the above photograph. He is the smart young man on the left during Salute the Soldier Week held in Ivybridge during May 1944.
The Bedford Boys
Amongst the ranks of American servicemen were the soldiers of Company A, 116th Infantry Regiment of the 29th Infantry Division. These would later come to be known as the Bedford Boys and were stationed in Ivybridge from 29 May 1943.
More than half a century later the little town of Bedford, Virginia, was selected as the site of the National D-Day Memorial in the United States because of what happened to A Company during Operation Overlord. Bedford had suffered the highest per capita loss of any American community on D-Day.
In 2004 Ivybridge signed a friendship Treaty with the small town of Bedford, when a group of 50 of its residents visited Ivybridge for the 60th anniversary of the D-Day landings. The formation of the Ivybridge – Bedford Alliance strives to preserve the special relationship between these two towns as well as remembering their historic bonds.
